• 1
  It is estimated that 5 to 10% of all pregnancies are affected to some extent by phenomena infections of the urinary system: almost one in ten pregnant. It is mostly very mild forms do not feel the woman.
• 2
  One in three women, however, among those with early pregnancy (end of first quarter, second quarter) from a mild form, a picture develops as a result of more serious infection that can even damage the kidneys, or cause an abortion, the death intrauterine fetal or premature delivery.
• 3
  Predisposing causes the definition of “urinary system” we mean: the system of production of urine, that is, the kidney, complex and delicate organ of filtration of blood, the urinary tract, ie the bascinet (first urine collection), the ‘ ureter, a long tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder, the bladder and the urethra, which is the last part that expels urine outside the body.
• 4
  Pregnancy interacts with these systems in various ways. The placental hormones (especially progesterone) induce a relaxation of the urinary tract, this slows down the column of urine along the ureter, or even a backflow of urine from the bladder up the ureters.
• 5
  Ii second mechanism by which pregnancy interacts with the urinary tract is represented by the compressive effects of the pregnant uterus on the ureters. The relationship between the slowing of the flow and the infection is, at least in this case, easily explained.
• 6
  In the bladder are small amounts of bacteria normally present. The continuous flow, however, exerting a constant washing, prevent these bacteria to increase their numbers too, but mainly to trace along the ureter and to reach the pelvis and the pelvis.
• 7
  Hormones and the pregnant uterus can alter this simple washing mechanism, giving free rein to infection, with serious consequences. How to prevent urinary tract infections: perform regular urine testing to tell your doctor if any symptoms such as frequent urination associated with painful sensations, fever, kidney pain drink plenty of water, between meals eating onions, chicory, strawberries, raspberries, currants, peaches, oranges , lemons
• 8
  Don’ts: postpone the appointment to the gynecologist, because you feel unwell bere bevande gasate, zuccherate, alcooliche drinking carbonated beverages, sugar, alcohol; drink large quantities of milk, eating eggs, tomatoes, cauliflower, spinach in an exaggerated way.
• 9
  The only way to recognize the mild, asymptomatic (ie do not give significant interference), is to run regularly every month, the complete examination of the urine, since this first visit and especially during the second quarter, when more insidiously may develop this disease.
• 10
  The most severe forms such as cistopielite (infection of the bladder-ureter-pelvis) is usually a sign of self-harm, although sometimes very slightly. The most characteristic symptom may be described as: frequent need to urinate, however, associated with pain, both in retention, both during and immediately after urinating.
• 11
  Symptoms of the pelvis and ureter are nonspecific: fever and kidney pain that may radiate to the root of the thigh. Only in 15% of cases the infection is bilateral. The urine may appear cloudy: the laboratory test will ensure easily if it is indeed an infection and is caused by germs which (to speak of infection, the laboratory must specify whether the number of bacteria is more than “100,000 colonies per milliliter “).
• 12
  These symptoms, of course, should always be reported to the doctor, who will be able to exclude the possibility of other diseases that can manifest itself in a similar way, such as pleurisy, or appendicitis.
• 13
  An aid to diagnosis, the doctor may, in some cases, ask to ultrasound. In fact, pregnancy may damage the fetus can not be run ivus. The only way to directly study the kidney is well supplied from the ecography.
• 14
  All these forms must be treated very carefully with antibiotics. Usually resolve in the space of ten days. After the treatment, after 10 days, the doctor will repeat the urine culture at a distance of twice a week. If i’urinocoltura still show an abnormal number of bacteria, you will have to repeat the treatment.
• 15
  In cases where the diagnosis is made promptly, the consequences for both mother and fetus can be severe. In the kidneys it can create irreversible damage, such as chronic pyelonephritis, and fever and irritation of the urinary tract can lead to premature delivery, or even intrauterine fetal death or abortion.
• 16
  A woman can and must cooperate to the success of this therapy at least two ways. The first is to take a significant amount of water per day (over a quart and a half) to facilitate the washing action. The second is to eat foods that “acidific” the urine. The acidity is in fact the most natural disinfection.
• 17
  This means reducing foods such as milk, eggs, tomatoes, cauliflower, spinach (which decrease the acidity of the urine), and increase, consumption of meat, cheese, rice, oranges, lemons. It will be useful natural diuretic effect of some vegetables such as chicory.
• 18
  Onions, or fruits such as strawberries, raspberries, currants, or even the most common peaches. Just remember that in humans 80 is a birth of twins to have, along with the size of the problem, and the certainty that it is not certainly a pathological event in the strict sense.
• 19
  A twin pregnancy, however, is definitely a high-risk pregnancy, which require special controls and precautions. For the woman who discovers she is pregnant with twins then there are no simple psychological problems. The first is perhaps the one certainty of the diagnosis.
• 20
  The presumptive clinical criteria are the following, but never give absolute certainty: the severity of the disorder in the first quarter (associated with high levels of chorionic gonadotropin), the excessive development of the uterus, abdominal palpation, which however is only useful in the second half of the second quarter, auscultation or doppler detection of two beats, which easily lends itself to misunderstandings.
• 21
  You must then use the most sophisticated imaging techniques. Among these, the most important, indeed virtually the only, the diagnosis with ultrasound (ultrasound). Let’s say the only one that exists today an almost unanimous in excluding, special exceptions, by the use of radiology imaging studies in pregnant women to avoid unnecessary radiation to the fetus.
• 22
  With the ultrasound diagnosis of twins can be made with certainty from the first weeks of pregnancy (sixth to seventh week), it is advisable to confirm the diagnosis at the twelfth week, since, according to some researchers, the first in a week.
• 23
  To be sure we must then wait at least this is a conservative council, the twelfth week. The ultrasound will then follow a milestone in the development of twins during pregnancy and in determining how the two fetuses, and you have it is present at birth.
• 24
  So we know that pregnancy begins with the meeting in the ampulla of the tube of a sperm with an egg, which together form the fertilized egg, zygote, a small cell that contains the characters that potentially allow the development of the embryo and then fetus.
• 25
  Nature is, so to speak, step-mother with the zygote, so that only 25% of zygotes will overcome the difficult journey through the fallopian tubes, the uterus, and verification of its normal set of chromosomes, which occurs in the first weeks of embryonic development.
• 26
  In this process you can enter slight variations. In fact, the ovaries may be mature and issue not one but two (or more) eggs are then fertilized (pregnancy or biovular bizigotica 2 / 3 of twin pregnancies).
• 27
  In 1 / 3 of cases, however, the only one egg at the time of the first division gives rise to two lines of embryonic development. This is the case of identical twins, the first case, however, gives rise to so-called fraternal twins. There is also the case of pregnancies obtained after artificially induced ovulation in infertile women.
• 28
  The drugs used in these therapies can be sensitive to mature more eggs simultaneously, and the result is frequently that of multiple pregnancies. Then there is the event, however rare, of superfecundation.
• 29
  This is the fertilization of two separate eggs a short time, but in two different sexual relationships. In the case of twins biovular each twin will have its own placenta, its membranes and amniotic fluid separate from the other.
• 30
  In the case of twins monovulari may instead be that there is only one placenta and one amniotic sac. The latter situation can be easily diagnosed by ultrasound during the second quarter, is the most difficult for the balanced development of fetuses.
• 31
  One of the two tend to predominate in fact, taking a larger amount of blood from the placental circulation and thus will develop to a greater extent. This situation can be so severe as unbalanced and cause death of the weaker twin.

baby;pregnancy